While heading for targets on the continent, navigators would climb into a Perspex bubble on top of the aircraft, take a half-dozen timed photos of the stars, then go to the navigation charts to work out where the aircraft was. But technology for night navigation was primitive.Įarly in the war, navigation for bombing raids was a hit-or-miss affair, the emphasis on miss. Targets in Europe were well-defended, turning daylight raids into suicide missions, so Bomber Command moved to night attacks. But when the Netherlands capitulated after Rotterdam was reduced to rubble in May 1940, Bomber Command was ordered to attack German targets in the Ruhr It began with daylight raids against military targets-warships and airfields. Target markers had names as colourful as their glow- Red Blob and Pink Pansy.Īt first, Britain’s bombing campaign was a dismal failure. Royal Air Force Bomber Command, Britain’s only means at the time of taking the fight into Germany, was tasked with destroying as much of that as possible. An army invasion was planned as the next step.īut attacking Britain while fighting the war on other fronts would take all of Germany’s industrial might-coal for industrial furnaces, steel for ships and aircraft, raw materials for munitions and factories to make them, railways, highways and canals to move supplies, troops and materiel, as well as fuel processing facilities to power vehicles.
The Luftwaffe attacked industrial targets while the Kriegsmarine went after the island nation’s supply lines. The Nazis decided try to bomb and starve Britain into submission.
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Alamy/JNXR5N Crack teams of navigators and pilots marked targets from the air, in the dark and under fireĪt the beginning of the Second World War, when Germany learned it would never persuade Britain to remain neutral or sign a peace treaty, sterner measures were adopted.
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